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The description of the word you requested from the astronomical dictionary is given below.
The brightest celestial bodies, such as the Sun, Moon, and planets, have their own names in pretty much every language. If a common name is needed, then usually a greek or latin name is used. The following table shows the english, greek, and latin names of a number of celestial bodies, and also the prefixes and postfixes that can be used to refer to those bodies.
Table 5: Planet Names in Languages, Prefixes, and Postfixes
English | Greek | Latin | Prefixes | Postfixes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sun | Hèlios | Sol | helio- | -helium |
Moon | Selènè | Luna | seleno- | -selenium |
Mercury | Hermes | Mercurius | mecurio- | -mercurium |
Venus | Aphroditè | Venus | venero- | -venerum |
Earth | Gè | Terra | geo- | -gee |
Mars | Ares | Mars | aro- | -martium |
Jupiter | Zeus | Iupiter | jovi- | -jovum |
Saturn | Chronos | Saturnus | saturno- | -saturnum |
Uranus | Ouranos | Uranus | urano- | -uranum |
Neptune | Poseidon | Neptunus | neptuno- | -neptunum |
Pluto | Ploutoon | Pluto | pluto- | -plutum |
Milky Way | galaxias kuklos | galaxis | galacto- | -galactium |
planet | planètès astèr | planetus | planeto- | -planetum |
star | astèr | siderus | astro- sider- | -astron |
Some examples: geography, selenographical, heliocentric, periastron, apogee, sidereal, astronomy.